Take scientific and technological self-reliance as the strategic support for national development

2021-03-16 Source: Qiushi

    It points out the way forward and provides a fundamental basis for the development of China's science and technology in the future. We should deeply study and understand, conscientiously implement, and consciously shoulder the mission of the era of self-reliance in science and technology.

1、 Deeply understand the significance of self-reliance in science and technology

  Based on the new stage of development, implementing the new concept of development, and building a new pattern of development, we need innovation as the first driving force more than ever, and we need to take scientific and technological self-reliance as the strategic support. In the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, accelerating the realization of self-reliance in science and technology and forming a strong scientific and technological strength is both a key move and a decisive one.

Self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology is an inevitable choice to enter a new stage of development. After more than 70 years of unremitting efforts since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's comprehensive national strength and people's living standards have achieved a historic leap.   In the new stage of development, the fundamental task is to seize the opportunity to build a socialist modern country in an all-round way and march towards the second centenary goal. At present, as China's economy has shifted from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development, the cost of labor has gradually increased, and the carrying capacity of resources and environment has reached a bottleneck. The importance and urgency of scientific and technological innovation have become increasingly prominent. Only by accelerating the realization of scientific and technological self-reliance and promoting the qualitative leap of the overall capacity and level of scientific and technological innovation can we seize the commanding heights in the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, effectively address the urgent and long-term strategic needs of the country as a whole, and lead and drive the economic and social development to rely more on innovation. Taking self-reliance in science and technology as the strategic support for national development is a major strategy put forward by our Party on the basis of long-term theoretical innovation and practical development, actively responding to new changes and new challenges in the international competition pattern, accurately grasping the new features and new requirements of China's new development stage, adhering to and developing the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, and is the strategic direction and strategic task of China's innovative development in the new era.

Self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology is the internal requirement of implementing the new development concept. The new development concept systematically answers a series of theoretical and practical questions about the purpose, motivation, mode and path of China's development in the new era, and is the basic strategy that we must adhere to and fully implement for a long time. To implement the new development concept, strive to solve the problems of insufficient development impetus, unbalanced development, disharmony and disharmony between human and nature, and achieve higher quality, more efficient, more equitable, more sustainable and safer development, all of which need to rely on science and technology to provide more powerful support for self-reliance. For example, building a healthy China and ensuring people's life and health urgently need more innovative breakthroughs in life science and biotechnology; To build a beautiful China and achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality, there is an urgent need for more innovative breakthroughs in green science and technology fields such as resources, ecological environment, clean and efficient energy. In addition, the promotion and application of science and technology, especially the new generation of information technology such as artificial intelligence, can greatly promote the open sharing of high-quality public resources and better meet the new expectations of the people for a better life.

The national major scientific and technological infrastructure known as "China's Sky Eye" - the 500m Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) passed the national acceptance in January 2020. The "China Sky Eye" is the largest single-aperture radio telescope with the highest sensitivity in the world at present. Since it was put into operation, it has made a series of major scientific achievements such as the discovery of more than 240 pulsars. In April 2021, the "China Sky Eye" will be open to the global scientific community. Courtesy of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology is the essential feature of building a new development pattern. To speed up the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other, the most fundamental thing is to rely on the strategic base point of self-reliance and self-reliance of high-level technology. On the one hand, we should speed up the breakthrough of industrial technology bottlenecks, break through the bottlenecks, and make up the weaknesses, so as to ensure that the domestic industrial chain and supply chain are fully safe and controllable, and provide scientific and technological support for unblocking the domestic big cycle; On the other hand, by seizing the commanding heights of scientific and technological innovation, we can create more new advantages and take more initiative in connecting domestic and international double circulation and carrying out global competition and cooperation. For example, in terms of key core technologies and equipment, since the reform and opening up, China has experienced a development process from mainly relying on the introduction, to the introduction, digestion and absorption, and then to independent innovation. In recent years, economic globalization has encountered counter current. The COVID-19 has intensified the trend of counter globalization. Some western countries, led by the United States, have comprehensively suppressed China's industries and technologies, and the global industrial chain and supply chain have been partially broken. In the face of this grim situation, we should not only accelerate the "home-made substitution", but also fully realize the controllability of home-made products in the main areas related to economic and social development and national security; More importantly, we should have the courage to leapfrog and track innovation, break through disruptive technological innovation, accelerate the process of "localization" of key core technologies and equipment, reshape the competitive pattern of the industrial chain and supply chain, and constantly enhance the viability, competitiveness, development and sustainability.

2、 Accurately grasp the strategic requirements of scientific and technological self-reliance

Achieving self-reliance in science and technology is a systematic project related to the overall and long-term development of the country. We should adhere to the system concept, firmly establish the bottom line thinking, do a good job in strategic planning, make clear the strategic direction and path choice, and make overall arrangements for major scientific and technological tasks in the near, medium and long term; In terms of tactics, we should adhere to the principle of seeking truth and pragmatism, fully understand the objective reality and development foundation of our country, identify the key points, formulate targeted strategies, strengthen the strengths and weaknesses, pay close attention to the weaknesses of the foundation, and promote the deployment in an integrated way.

Follow the laws of scientific and technological development, and establish the scientific and technological development concept of giving priority to quality and efficiency.   At present, China's scientific and technological innovation is in the critical period of making a leap from quantity accumulation to quality, from point breakthrough to system capability improvement. The problems of large but not strong, low quality and efficiency are still prominent. We must strengthen high-quality and efficient scientific and technological innovation, resolve to squeeze out the moisture and foam of low-level duplication and low efficiency output, and better and faster transform the scale advantage of scientific and technological innovation into quality advantage. At present, the trend of cross-penetration and deep integration of science, technology and engineering is accelerating. As early as the 1950s, Comrade Qian Xuesen put forward the idea of "technological science", believing that continuous improvement of production methods "requires natural science, technological science and engineering technology to go hand in hand, influence and promote each other, and must not be one-sided". We should consciously follow this law, break the linear thinking pattern from basic research, applied research to experimental development, break the closure and fragmentation in the organization of scientific and technological innovation activities, build scientific and technological innovation on a more solid basis of quality and efficiency, and build a scientific and technological innovation model that adapts to the law of scientific and technological development and can effectively support scientific and technological self-reliance.

Strengthen basic research and frontier exploration of "no man's land", and strengthen the original innovation ability.   Self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology must be based on the deep foundation of basic research and original innovation. We should put basic research and original innovation capacity building in a more prominent position, adhere to the principle of "walking on two legs", not only aim at major scientific issues at the forefront of science and technology, but also extract and identify basic scientific issues from the list of stuck issues and major national needs, so as to force basic research with application and support application with basic research, Provide knowledge and technical basis for key core technology breakthroughs. At the same time, we should strengthen the guidance of original innovation, support and encourage researchers to enhance their confidence in innovation, change the scientific research inertia of long-term tracking and catching up, be willing to sit on the "cold bench", brave the "no man's land", challenge scientific and technological problems, "prefer glorious failure to mediocre success", achieve more original breakthroughs of "from 0 to 1", and strive to put forward new theories and open up new directions, It will provide a lasting and abundant source of innovation for China's scientific and technological self-reliance and the progress of human civilization.

Accelerate the breakthrough of key core technologies, not only focus on solving the "urgent need", but also strive to eliminate the "heartache".   At present, many key fields and industrial core technologies in China are heavily dependent on imports, such as high-end chips, operating systems, high-end lithography machines, high-end CNC machine tools, high-end instruments and equipment, and key basic materials. Once they are regulated and cut off, they will face survival difficulties. For these "urgent issues", we should give full play to the advantages of the new nationwide system, quickly concentrate our strengths, take the "list and command" and other ways to fight the key core technologies, break through the blocking points and breakpoints of key technologies as soon as possible, strive to achieve the independent control of the technology system, and effectively solve the serious threats faced by the industrial chain supply chain. At the same time, in view of the "internal problems" that are related to national security and long-term development, such as energy security, seed industry security, biological security, etc., we should take precautions, make a "first move", accelerate the deployment and implementation of a number of forward-looking and strategic major scientific and technological tasks, actively organize and carry out transformative and disruptive technology research and development, strive to establish scientific and technological advantages in major strategic areas, and achieve "one in one, one in one" in the global innovation chain, To provide strategic technical reserves for solving the problem of choking in the future.

Change the concept of talents, strengthen the value orientation, and accelerate the construction of high-level innovative talents.   At present, China has the largest innovative talent team in the world, and the full-time equivalent of R&D personnel has reached more than 4.8 million person-years. However, problems such as lack of high-level talents, unreasonable structure, unscientific evaluation system, and imperfect incentive mechanism are still outstanding. The essence of talents lies in "ability" and "performance". As long as they can make outstanding contributions, they should be talents. We should fundamentally change the concept of talent, establish a big talent concept that everyone can work hard to become a talent, everyone can become a talent, and everyone can display their talents, so that all kinds of talents can display their talents and stand out. We will deepen the reform of the talent evaluation system, strengthen the value orientation of quality, contribution and performance, and make greater efforts in talent training and introduction, discovery and use, evaluation and incentive, so as to create a fine innovation ecosystem with a clean and upright atmosphere and a peaceful mind. Grasp and make good use of the current favorable window period, expand channels and take multiple measures at the same time, accelerate the introduction and attraction of a number of strategic scientists and key talents with "high quality, high quality and short supply", attach importance to and strengthen applied research and engineering technology talents, and build a larger stage of innovation and expand greater development space for scientific and technological leaders, top talents and outstanding young talents. Strengthen basic education, pay attention to cultivating scientific literacy and innovation awareness of primary and secondary students, attract more excellent students to participate in scientific and technological innovation, and constantly provide high-level and sustainable talent support for scientific and technological self-reliance.

We will comprehensively deepen the reform of the science and technology system, and accelerate the construction of an efficient national innovation system.   At present, China's science and technology system still has prominent problems such as dispersion, duplication and low efficiency, which affect the overall efficiency of the innovation system. The premise of cooperative innovation and collaborative innovation is rational and orderly division of labor. We should further clarify the functional positioning of each unit of the national innovation system, and avoid homogeneous competition and chaos. We should coordinate the strength of scientific research institutes, universities, and enterprise research and development institutions, accelerate the construction of an innovation system with reasonable division of labor, cascade continuity, and orderly coordination, and form a collaborative innovation effect led by high-quality innovation forces and driven by the radiation of key regions. We will further deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system, unblock the innovation chain and industrial chain, significantly improve the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, fully stimulate the vitality and potential of various innovation entities, and provide strategic support for scientific and technological self-reliance.

Strengthen the overall leadership of the Party, and provide strong political and organizational guarantee for scientific and technological self-reliance.   In combination with the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Party and the study and education of the Party's history, we should conscientiously summarize the brilliant achievements and valuable experience of the Party in leading the development of China's scientific and technological undertakings, better guide and promote the development of scientific and technological innovation in the new era, and accelerate the realization of scientific and technological self-reliance. We should give full play to the role of grass-roots party organizations as a battleground and the pioneering and exemplary role of party members, plan, deploy, promote and assess the work of party building and scientific and technological innovation together, achieve deep integration and resonance at the same frequency, and transform the party's organizational advantages into a huge force of scientific and technological innovation. We should vigorously carry forward the spirit of scientists, strengthen the construction of scientific research style and style of study, educate and encourage scientific researchers to stick to their original mission, uphold the national interests and people's interests first, and take the initiative to shoulder the mission of scientific and technological self-reliance entrusted by the times and history.

Carrying out scientific research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, revealing the mechanism of environmental change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and optimizing the ecological security barrier system will have a very important impact on promoting the sustainable development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, promoting the construction of national ecological civilization, and promoting global ecological environmental protection. The picture shows the Qinghai Tibet Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences carrying out scientific investigation with modern high-tech equipment. Courtesy of Chinese Academy of Sciences

3、 Actively play the leading role of the backbone of national strategic scientific and technological forces

Strengthening the national strategic scientific and technological strength is the key way to accelerate the realization of scientific and technological self-reliance and promote the construction of a modern country. Looking back on the development of science and technology in New China, we have achieved a series of remarkable achievements in "two bombs and one satellite", manned space and lunar exploration, Beidou navigation, manned deep diving, quantum science and technology in just over 70 years on the basis of "poverty and poverty". One important reason is that we have built a national strategic scientific and technological force under the leadership of the Party, When the Party and the country need it most, they can step forward, face difficulties and play an irreplaceable role as the core backbone and leading role. In the face of the strategic requirement of self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology in the new era, the national strategic scientific and technological forces must always bear in mind their original mission, be more brave to take on the role, and effectively play the role of reflecting the national will, serving the national needs, and representing the national level.

Tackle difficulties around major national strategic needs. It is the mission and responsibility of the national strategic science and technology force to think about the country's needs, to be urgent about the country's needs, to be brave to assume responsibility, to respond quickly, to charge ahead, and to fight hard battles. In the face of the unprecedented changes in the world and the critical period of transformation and upgrading of China's economic and social development, the national strategic scientific and technological forces should give full play to the advantages of institutionalization and systematization, fight well in the key core technologies, and strive to solve a number of problems that affect and restrict the development of the country